POLS 1100 – Is America A Democracy?

You have joined a “foreign friends” program that matches American citizens up with Cuban high school classrooms.  The students ask you questions and you respond.  

One student has suggested that the United States is not a democracy; that in fact it never has been.  This student isn’t talking about the fact that we are a representative democracy instead of a direct democracy, but rather is challenging the idea of “one person one vote;” that we all have equal opportunities to influence government; and that the government is responsive to the people.  

You have a chance to help these young students to appreciate democracy at the same time that you acknowledge possible problems in the functioning of our particular democracy – past and present.  

What do you write back to this student so that he or she (and the entire class) can get a better understanding of the strengths and weakness; successes and failures, of American democracy?

Let start with this: I hear you. American Democracy has always had issues. Many citizens, due to discriminatory laws, didn’t even have the ability to vote until 1965 when we passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Even now, we still don’t allow felons to vote, even though they have served their time. We also have a poor record of providing people rights. Homosexual couples only recently received the right to marry, and that was done via a court ruling, and was counter to a vote by citizens to strip that right.

On top of that, our democracy has been taken over by financial interests. With court decisions like citizens united, rich people can throw unlimited money towards campaigns and elections. They effectively get unlimited influence and voice as a result. State lines do not effect this influence; as this article shows, many representatives are funded mostly by out of state influences. Sadly, three of the representatives from my state of Utah get more than 80% of their funding from people they don’t represent.

Even more, our congressmen can’t even get anything done. There is a huge issue with partisanship, brought upon by gerrymandering. Whether they are divided by their ideologies, by their donors, or by their , we don’t seem to get anything done. What little seems to get done seems to go against what the majority of Americans want. Currently, the Republicans in the house and the senate are trying to repeal the Affordable Care Act. But, as shown in this article from USA Today, the majority of Americans do not support the act. But the money that supports the Republicans does seem to support it, and so they keep on pushing forward.

So, with all of the above, does America seem like a democracy? On the surface, it doesn’t seem like it. Even if it is, why even have a democracy if it doesn’t really work? You wouldn’t be alone if you feel this way. Thirty percent of millennials (people born between 1980 – 1997) don’t believe it is necessary to live in a democracy. As a Cuban student yourself, you may or may not agree with that as well. But it makes me disappointed.

Why have a democracy? Because having a voice, even if it is weaker than it used to be, is better than having none at all. Our current situation is pretty bleak. Money’s corrupting influence, major partisanship, an divisive rhetoric make it feel like we cannot change it. But we can change it.

We have more influence then we think. But in America we have gotten complacent. We haven’t had a real threat to our democracy for a while, and thus people don’t care to actually use our abilities. We can make huge differences at the state and local level. That is where much of what effects or lives is decided. Due to the media and the internet, we have taken a top down view of our government. But our democracy was not created with that in mind. We were always supposed to engage from the bottom up. If our local governments remove money’s influence, we can then use that change to effect state governments. By removing money from our state governments, we can then pressure federal representatives. With that pressure we could remove money nationwide. This remind me of one of my favorite poems, copied below.

When I was a young man, I wanted to change the world. 

I found it was difficult to change the world, so I tried to change my nation. 

When I found I couldn’t change the nation, I began to focus on my town. I couldn’t change the town and as an older man, I tried to change my family. 

Now, as an old man, I realize the only thing I can change is myself, and suddenly I realize that if long ago I had changed myself, I could have made an impact on my family. My family and I could have made an impact on our town. Their impact could have changed the nation and I could indeed have changed the world.

 – Author Unknown

So, Is America a democracy? Yes it is. We the people can effect change and influence our government. Even though our power has ebbed, it has not disappeared. If we focus on our local communities first, our system works as intended. With that, we can change our country for the better. Whichever step we need to take to do that is up to us as a society to decide. But the beauty of a democracy is that we get to do just that.

– Shaman Romney

Articles Cited:

http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/07/for-campaign-cash-many-lawmakers-use-a-big-map-rob-bishop-tops-the-out-of-state-list/

https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/democracy-meh/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/03/07/poll-majority-americans-want-to-keep-obamacare/98854446/

HUMA 1010 – Reflection

I’m not a fan of Gen Ed courses. I feel that they are a requirement that distracts from the actual degrees that people want to obtain. Although an engineer could be served by understanding human biology or Van Gough’s paintings, I do not feel they should be a required part of the curriculum. So much of this information is freely available online, through resources like YouTube, Wikipedia, and Khan Academy. But instead, I have to pay $300 for the class and another $150 for the textbook. Maybe if these classes at least just utilized the free resources, like my Political Science class did, I would feel like it is more worth my time. But I already knew the majority of what came up in the course through self-education. 

This class hasn’t really changed my opinion. It wasn’t run poorly. The teacher set up the modules very well, and the discussions were interesting. But not $450 worth of interesting. I have had much more fascinating conversations over reddit for free, and have learned from many of the same resources the teacher used, like Crash Course. But John Green didn’t charge me a bunch of money. The slight silver lining is that this made me go out and do a few things I was putting off. I always try to use my paid volunteer time, so going to the food bank helps. My catholic friend wanted me to try going to a mass, so it was nice to be able to do it for class. But I could have also do so for free. 

I don’t mean to know the humanities as a whole. It is important to understand cultures, history, and art. If I had been able to take this class as an elective, maybe I’d have had a better experience. But being required to take it left a sour taste in my mouth. After completing the class, not much has changed.

HUMA 1010 – Civic Engagement Assignment

I volunteered at the Utah Food Bank. I sorted the donations that food bank receives from all over the state of Utah. I went there on August 27th for about two hours. The Utah Food Bank provides food to families in need. The center I went to is the center hub for most of Utah, and the food that volunteers pack gets sent to pantries all over the state. When you volunteer at the food bank, they set you up at a table next to a giant box of food. You then have to pull the food out and sort it into various categories like baby food, canned vegetables, canned meats, etc. You put the food in boxes, and put the boxes in piles. If you’ve ever packed for moving, it is basically that but with life nourishing food. Typically, you are grouped with other volunteers, but I spent most of the time packing things on my own. There was a company who were all volunteering together, so they stayed pretty insular until the end. After you finish, you just get to walk out. Typically, the shifts are around and hour and a half, but I got there early and stayed a little later. 

Ideally, doing this would have connected to helping our fellow community. The whole idea of humanities is that we learn to empathize with others, especially others who we different than us. There wasn’t a specific Module on altruism, but lots of focus on helping others. For example, in the religious module, on overarching thing was that people should help each other. Governments are also designed around communities, and usually account for people in need. This wasn’t religious or governmental, but was still about helping others. 

However, the real thing that stuck with me was how much waste there was. Mounds of canned food, which probably cost a dollar per can, being given away because our society is wasteful. If, instead of going to Costco and buying 6 cans of tuna for a dollar to throw in a box, we gave that money to the organization directly we would do so much more good. Packing and sorting food takes time and money. But with the money, the Food Bank could buy things at wholesale prices. The amount of waste I sorted made me sad. I probably touched thousands of dollars, and that could have done so much more good as the dollars. 

As far as freedom goes, people cannot feel free if they are worried about staring. But volunteering and sorting food, I was helping take some burden off of peoples’ shoulders so they can focus on more important things. As someone who’s family has needed to get help from them before, I know the struggle of not knowing where your food will come from. This organization does a good thing by alleviating the struggle. I just wish that society as a whole would be less wasteful. We would have this problem locked down tight if people wouldn’t waste so much money. I know I keep harping on that point, but it’s true. Money is freedom. Money can buy things, like food and shelter. But why do we need to make the food bank a middleman, and force them to sort our discarded scraps so that we can feel warm and fuzzy inside? I know if feels good to carry a heavy pallet of cans, and drop it into the box in front of your friends so they know you are one of the good people. But just sending them the $25 dollars would be the better, and more moral thing. So is volunteering your time. But if you want to show off to your friends, then please throw those cans down. 

In spite of my above epiphany, I did enjoy the experience. I already donate money to the food bank, and it was cool to see haw my donation was spent and how volunteers helped things move along. It was nice, simple volunteer work, and helping people always feels good. I’d have been doing homework or playing video games if I didn’t volunteer, so it is a good use of my time. The only issue was getting there. I take the bus, and work a full-time job. The food bank is nested away in manufacturing buildings, and takes a bit to get to. I don’t mind the walk, but it does limit my ability to get to there in order to do it again. I had to take a half day off in order to make it there. I had volunteer time to use, so it was fine. But if it were easier to get there, I’d do it more often. But I will still continue to always donate to organizations about that. Because money makes the real difference. 

ECON 2010 – Reflection

We need to study consumer choices because they are one of the main parts of economics. You cannot have producers without consumers, and vice versa. By understanding why people behave the way they do, we as a society can minimize harmful actions and increase beneficial ones. Although people may not always be rational, economics only expects them to make rational economic choices. We want to maximize pleasure and minimize pain, and get the best deal for our dollar. I’d like to say that I am a frugal shopper, but I will spend more on a product if it saves me time and provides convenience. Which makes sense when you factor in opportunity costs.

ECON 2010 Essay – Consumer Behavior

Consumer behavior is the actions of a consumer in a market system. Without a consumer, there would be no reason to produce anything. By studying how consumers behave and make decisions, we can learn how to understand markets and how to make better functioning markets. On top of that, we cannot even begin to learn about economics without understanding consumer behavior.

In order to understand consumer behavior, we need to first understand demand. Consumers have things they want, whether it is goods or services. That is defined as a demand. By making their demands known, a producer can then create the things or provide the services. Thus providers know what goods to supply.

Consumers use goods to satisfy their needs and desires. We measure the amount of pleasure a good brings to a person as utility. Rational consumers will try to maximize their total utility at all times. Marginal utility is the cost of each additional unit you by. When the marginal utility is less than 0, the god has reached its optimal utility. This is called the law of diminishing marginal utility. Utilizing this, we can figure out a way to mark and track how a consumer shapes their demands and utilizes their purchasing power.

Why would it be important to understand how and why consumers act the way that they do? By analyzing consumer patterns. You can better understand changes in an economic system, and can make adjustments to ensure that the system runs smoothly and efficiently. For example, if the price of a good is set too low, consumers will consume more of it than producers are able or willing to create. This causes an issue with supply, as well as a lack of incentive for companies to produce a good. We know that consumers will buy less as prices increase. However, if the prices aren’t increased by too much, the market will still be beneficial, and will reach the maximum utilization for all parties involved.

A couple of examples from the book are property crimes and medical care. As the societal price of crime goes down, more people will commit crimes. If we increase the cost of crime, by making punishments harsher but also making it harder to commit by increasing security technologies, then crime should go down. For medical care, since the cost is handled mostly by insurance companies, people are willing to spend more on their medical care, as the marginal utility is low. Although that is the point of insurance, it has contributed to the rising cost of healthcare.

In conclusion, it is important to be able to understand consumer behavior. By leaning how a rational consumer makes decisions, we can make important economic decisions. We are able to better understand and control markets, and can make sure they are equitable and efficient for all parties.

BIOL 1090 – Reflection Statement

  • Reflection prompt 1. Did your article, or things you saw in your search for articles, change the way you think about science? Did you see evidence of scientists actively engaged in public policy debates, and were you surprised by their level of advocacy?
    • To be honest, not much about my views changed while looking for articles. I’ve never been an anti-vaxxer, and I’ve always known that scientists tend to engage in policy debates that reflect their field. My only worry is that when you have a scientist advocating for a non-scientific policy, like a climate scientist arguing for tax reform. It isn’t that those issues cannot be tangential, but if the scientist leans too far away from their expertise and into regular debate, it can undermine the knowledge they do have.
  • Reflection prompt 2. Discuss how your article made connections to another discipline, like business, government, politics, economics, or humanities. If it didn’t make any connections to other disciplines, discuss a connection it could have made.
    • I didn’t connect to any other disciplines by choice. There is a need to have more scientific information out in the world, without a political opinion thrown in. I think that the science sounds strong enough on its own, and should be used to inform public debate. I do have an opinion, but I think if I had stated it, it would have detracted from the piece by forcing the reader to focus more on it than the facts. Once they acknowledge the facts, then we can talk policy.
  • Reflection prompt 3. Describe how the class as a whole has impacted your views on science, the human body, and human impacts on the planet.
    • To be honest, it hasn’t changed much. I have a little more specific knowledge on some things I only had a surface understanding of. But my opinion hasn’t really changed. Maybe if I had taken this class when I was younger it would have had more of an impact. But I’m older and I believe learning is a lifelong task, not just something done for a grade. Not that I regret this class; it was good refresher on many topics.

BIOL 1090 – Essay – Vaccines

Vaccinations are safe for human use, and it is in a person’s best interest to make sure that they are up to date on their vaccinations. Whether or not we should make vaccinations mandatory is a legal issue. But from a scientific standpoint there are no issues with vaccines as a whole. They have been vetted, and no legitimate study has shown any correlation between them and Autism.

According to the CDC, there is no link between vaccines and autism. This myth stems from a now retracted 1998 study in The Lancet by a now discredited doctor. The study had numerous flaws, and should not have been published. There have been numerous studies looking into the link between vaccines and autism, and they have not been able to replicate the results found in that first study. They all show that there is now correlation between vaccines and autism.

Additionally, some detractors of vaccines will claim that although some vaccines may be fine, the ones containing thimerosal are harmful due to thimerosal being a mercury-based preservative. This stems from a misunderstanding of chemistry. Although it contains mercury, the compound does not react with the body the way pure mercury metal. Due to its composition, thimerosal doesn’t stay in the body, and thus is safe for human use. Even if it was risky, thimerosal is no longer used in children’s vaccines. So, even if a link were found, any children now getting vaccinated should still be safe to get needed vaccinations.

I am not going to touch on the public policy aspect on this. There are arguments that can be made for making vaccines mandatory, as well as arguments against that position. That conversation needs to be had. However, we cannot have that conversation until we can get everyone on the same page with the scientific consensus. Otherwise, they will obfuscate the issues with facts not based in science. The science is clear: vaccines do not cause autisms, and are safe for both children and adults to use.

Works Cited:

“Vaccine Safety.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 28, 2015. Accessed July 22, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/thimerosal/faqs.html#4A.

“Thiomersal controversy.” Wikipedia. July 12, 2017. Accessed July 22, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomersal_controversy.

“Thiomersal.” Wikipedia. July 09, 2017. Accessed July 22, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomersal.

Eggertson, Laura. “Lancet retracts 12-year-old article linking autism to MMR vaccines.” CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. March 09, 2010. Accessed July 22, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831678/.

“Vaccine Safety.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. November 23, 2015. Accessed July 22, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html.